Space Race: How Humanity Conquered Near-Earth Orbit
World powers see the future in the development of the solar system. Chinese probe explores the moon, NASA sent the first man-made flying machine to Mars. Russia is also preparing new expeditions to space. Many of these projects bring together people from different countries. MIR 24 correspondent Maxim Krasotkin learned how space exploration began.
The signal of the first satellite of the Earth in the radios of the inhabitants of the planet sounded like a fireworks in honor of the victory of the Soviet Union in space exploration. Further – the first man in space. Triumph of the USSR. Yuri Gagarin is the face of the country, the most recognizable person on Earth. In the Soviet Union, as in the United States, they understood that the future lay in long flights, and for this it was necessary to assemble laboratories in orbit. The first docking attempt was for the Americans: their ship Gemini 8 landed on the stage of the rocket launched earlier. Soviet engineers decided to dock the manned ships at once. They were supposed to be “Soyuz-1” and “Soyuz-2”. But due to malfunctions, the first one went out of orbit. The parachute refused, the commander Vladimir Komarov died. It was 1967. Two years later, the docking of the Soviet ships did take place. One was ruled by Vladimir Shatalov, the second – by Boris Volynov.
Space Race: How Humanity Conquered Near-Earth Orbit
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FOLLOWING
“We approached each other by hand. We understood each other so well with Shatalov. At the exam, when we had a bite of the communication wire, we came up with blinking lights that glow all the time. We could blink, giving several commands, requests, and we understood this, “- shared twice the hero of the USSR, cosmonaut Boris Volynov.
At the beginning, everything went according to the program: after docking, two flight engineers – Alexey Eliseev and Yevgeny Khrunov – put on spacesuits and went through open space to another ship. Having made three orbits around the Earth, Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5 undocked, and then malfunctions began: the aggregate compartment of Volynov's ship did not shoot back, because of this, it entered the atmosphere with the most unprotected part – the entrance hatch.
“Heat-resistant steel is boiling. When I opened the hatch already on Earth, there a hat made of heat-resistant steel boiled. A little more and we would not have talked to you, ”added Boris Volynov.
The ship landed with huge overloads, literally hit the surface of the Earth. As a result of such a fall, the astronaut received a fracture of the roots of the teeth. However, in the following connections, errors were taken into account. But this one has connected both countries and hearts of people.
Soyuz and Apollo initiated the creation of the International Space Station. And with them began cooperation in space between the two powers, which were later joined by other countries. Now the space race is different – whose ships are newer, whose stations fly farther. Even after a man landed on the moon, interest in the Earth's satellite did not disappear. The two countries are again ready to send crews there, but first they are exploring it with vehicles. The Russian station “Luna-25” should start in October.
