An international team of researchers discovered that Neanderthals, the closest extinct human relatives, had the ability to perceive and reproduce human speech. This is reported in an article published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.
Scientists have performed high-resolution tomography of ancient human fossils to create 3D models of ear structures in Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. The findings were used to assess hearing in order to find out if Neanderthals are able to perceive sounds with a frequency range characteristic of human speech (from one to five kilohertz). It turned out that the Neanderthals heard sounds quite well in the 4-5 kilohertz range compared to their ancestors found at the excavation site in Atapuerca.
The researchers also calculated the maximum sensitivity range, or bandwidth. The wider bandwidth allows a large number of easily distinguishable signals to be used for oral communication. This enhances the ability to convey clear messages in no time. The bandwidth of the Neanderthals was also higher than that of the ancient people of Atapuerca.
The scientists' discovery is consistent with archaeological evidence for complex Neanderthal patterns of behavior, including relatively advanced stone toolmaking techniques, fire exploration, and possible symbolic practices and rituals.
