Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research at the Justus von Liebig University of Giessen in Germany, as well as the “Center for the Study of the Unknown” of the Champalimaud Foundation in Portugal, the University of Queensland in Australia and the University of Copenhagen in Denmark have identified a biomarker (biological trait), which, according to According to them, it shows the level of “fitness” of lung cells and is able to predict the severity of the course of COVID-19.
Scientists have previously suggested looking at signs of an immune response to infection, such as C-reactive protein and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes. However, the problem is that such indicators appear after infection, and they need to be taken at an early stage of the disease, otherwise there will be little benefit from this. However, in an epidemic, this is not always possible. Therefore, the ideal option would be to find biomarkers in samples from the nasopharynx, they are primarily taken from patients with suspected Covid-19.
The authors of the new study suggested that a marker of lung cell fitness – hFwe-Lose – could predict hospitalization or death in people infected with SARS-CoV-2. To confirm their findings, the scientists performed a tissue analysis of the lungs of patients who died from Covid-19. Then they observed people from one year to 96 years old, taking samples from their nose. Participants without a history of coronavirus were also included in the analysis.
As a result, it turned out that in patients with Covid-19 and acute lung injury, hFwe-Lose was especially pronounced in the lower respiratory tract and was localized in the areas of affected cells. Statistics adjusted for age and sex showed that hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease have the greatest impact on hFwe-Lose.
In patients with an early phase of the disease, the biomarker was able to accurately predict subsequent hospitalization or death with an accuracy of at least 87.8%.
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